feat: add reset functionality to semantic belief extractor

ref: N25B-432

.gitlab/merge_request_templates/default.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+%{first_multiline_commit_description}
+
+To verify:
+
+- [ ] Style checks pass
+- [ ] Pipeline (tests) pass
+- [ ] Documentation is up to date
+- [ ] Tests are up to date (new code is covered)
+- [ ] ...

src/control_backend/agents/actuation/robot_gesture_agent.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class RobotGestureAgent(BaseAgent):
     address = ""
     bind = False
     gesture_data = []
+    single_gesture_data = []
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -35,8 +36,10 @@ class RobotGestureAgent(BaseAgent):
         address=settings.zmq_settings.ri_command_address,
         bind=False,
         gesture_data=None,
+        single_gesture_data=None,
     ):
         self.gesture_data = gesture_data or []
+        self.single_gesture_data = single_gesture_data or []
         super().__init__(name)
         self.address = address
         self.bind = bind
@@ -99,7 +102,13 @@ class RobotGestureAgent(BaseAgent):
                         gesture_command.data,
                     )
                     return
-
+            elif gesture_command.endpoint == RIEndpoint.GESTURE_SINGLE:
+                if gesture_command.data not in self.single_gesture_data:
+                    self.logger.warning(
+                        "Received gesture '%s' which is not in available gestures. Early returning",
+                        gesture_command.data,
+                    )
+                    return
             await self.pubsocket.send_json(gesture_command.model_dump())
         except Exception:
             self.logger.exception("Error processing internal message.")

src/control_backend/agents/bdi/agentspeak_generator.py

@@ -332,7 +332,13 @@ class AgentSpeakGenerator:
 
     @_astify.register
     def _(self, sb: SemanticBelief) -> AstExpression:
-        return AstLiteral(f"semantic_{self._slugify_str(sb.description)}")
+        return AstLiteral(self.get_semantic_belief_slug(sb))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_semantic_belief_slug(sb: SemanticBelief) -> str:
+        # If you need a method like this for other types, make a public slugify singledispatch for
+        #  all types.
+        return f"semantic_{AgentSpeakGenerator._slugify_str(sb.name)}"
 
     @_astify.register
     def _(self, ib: InferredBelief) -> AstExpression:
@@ -355,6 +361,10 @@ class AgentSpeakGenerator:
     def _(self, goal: Goal, achieved: bool = False) -> AstExpression:
         return AstLiteral(f"{'achieved_' if achieved else ''}{self._slugify_str(goal.name)}")
 
+    @_astify.register
+    def _(self, trigger: Trigger) -> AstExpression:
+        return AstLiteral(self.slugify(trigger))
+
     @_astify.register
     def _(self, sa: SpeechAction) -> AstExpression:
         return AstLiteral("say", [AstString(sa.text)])
@@ -368,6 +378,26 @@ class AgentSpeakGenerator:
     def _(self, la: LLMAction) -> AstExpression:
         return AstLiteral("reply_with_goal", [AstString(la.goal)])
 
+    @singledispatchmethod
+    @staticmethod
+    def slugify(element: ProgramElement) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f"Cannot convert element {element} to a slug.")
+
+    @slugify.register
+    @staticmethod
+    def _(sb: SemanticBelief) -> str:
+        return f"semantic_{AgentSpeakGenerator._slugify_str(sb.name)}"
+
+    @slugify.register
+    @staticmethod
+    def _(g: Goal) -> str:
+        return AgentSpeakGenerator._slugify_str(g.name)
+
+    @slugify.register
+    @staticmethod
+    def _(t: Trigger):
+        return f"trigger_{AgentSpeakGenerator._slugify_str(t.name)}"
+
     @staticmethod
     def _slugify_str(text: str) -> str:
         return slugify(text, separator="_", stopwords=["a", "an", "the", "we", "you", "I"])

src/control_backend/agents/bdi/bdi_core_agent.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from pydantic import ValidationError
 from control_backend.agents.base import BaseAgent
 from control_backend.core.agent_system import InternalMessage
 from control_backend.core.config import settings
-from control_backend.schemas.belief_message import Belief, BeliefMessage
+from control_backend.schemas.belief_message import BeliefMessage
 from control_backend.schemas.llm_prompt_message import LLMPromptMessage
 from control_backend.schemas.ri_message import SpeechCommand
 
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ class BDICoreAgent(BaseAgent):
 
         if msg.thread == "beliefs":
             try:
-                beliefs = BeliefMessage.model_validate_json(msg.body).beliefs
-                self._apply_beliefs(beliefs)
+                belief_changes = BeliefMessage.model_validate_json(msg.body)
+                self._apply_belief_changes(belief_changes)
             except ValidationError:
                 self.logger.exception("Error processing belief.")
             return
@@ -156,21 +156,28 @@ class BDICoreAgent(BaseAgent):
                 )
                 await self.send(out_msg)
 
-    def _apply_beliefs(self, beliefs: list[Belief]):
+    def _apply_belief_changes(self, belief_changes: BeliefMessage):
         """
         Update the belief base with a list of new beliefs.
 
-        If ``replace=True`` is set on a belief, it removes all existing beliefs with that name
-        before adding the new one.
+        For beliefs in ``belief_changes.replace``, it removes all existing beliefs with that name
+        before adding one new one.
+
+        :param belief_changes: The changes in beliefs to apply.
         """
-        if not beliefs:
+        if not belief_changes.create and not belief_changes.replace and not belief_changes.delete:
             return
 
-        for belief in beliefs:
-            if belief.replace:
-                self._remove_all_with_name(belief.name)
+        for belief in belief_changes.create:
             self._add_belief(belief.name, belief.arguments)
 
+        for belief in belief_changes.replace:
+            self._remove_all_with_name(belief.name)
+            self._add_belief(belief.name, belief.arguments)
+
+        for belief in belief_changes.delete:
+            self._remove_belief(belief.name, belief.arguments)
+
     def _add_belief(self, name: str, args: list[str] = None):
         """
         Add a single belief to the BDI agent.
@@ -198,12 +205,15 @@ class BDICoreAgent(BaseAgent):
 
         self.logger.debug(f"Added belief {self.format_belief_string(name, args)}")
 
-    def _remove_belief(self, name: str, args: Iterable[str]):
+    def _remove_belief(self, name: str, args: Iterable[str] | None):
         """
         Removes a specific belief (with arguments), if it exists.
         """
-        new_args = (agentspeak.Literal(arg) for arg in args)
-        term = agentspeak.Literal(name, new_args)
+        if args is None:
+            term = agentspeak.Literal(name)
+        else:
+            new_args = (agentspeak.Literal(arg) for arg in args)
+            term = agentspeak.Literal(name, new_args)
 
         result = self.bdi_agent.call(
             agentspeak.Trigger.removal,
@@ -339,8 +349,8 @@ class BDICoreAgent(BaseAgent):
         self.logger.info("Message sent to LLM agent: %s", text)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def format_belief_string(name: str, args: Iterable[str] = []):
+    def format_belief_string(name: str, args: Iterable[str] | None = []):
         """
         Given a belief's name and its args, return a string of the form "name(*args)"
         """
-        return f"{name}{'(' if args else ''}{','.join(args)}{')' if args else ''}"
+        return f"{name}{'(' if args else ''}{','.join(args or [])}{')' if args else ''}"

src/control_backend/agents/bdi/bdi_program_manager.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import asyncio
+
 import zmq
 from pydantic import ValidationError
 from zmq.asyncio import Context
@@ -5,8 +7,9 @@ from zmq.asyncio import Context
 from control_backend.agents import BaseAgent
 from control_backend.agents.bdi.agentspeak_generator import AgentSpeakGenerator
 from control_backend.core.config import settings
+from control_backend.schemas.belief_list import BeliefList, GoalList
 from control_backend.schemas.internal_message import InternalMessage
-from control_backend.schemas.program import Program
+from control_backend.schemas.program import Belief, ConditionalNorm, Goal, InferredBelief, Program
 
 
 class BDIProgramManager(BaseAgent):
@@ -56,6 +59,84 @@ class BDIProgramManager(BaseAgent):
 
         await self.send(msg)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_beliefs_from_program(program: Program) -> list[Belief]:
+        beliefs: list[Belief] = []
+
+        def extract_beliefs_from_belief(belief: Belief) -> list[Belief]:
+            if isinstance(belief, InferredBelief):
+                return extract_beliefs_from_belief(belief.left) + extract_beliefs_from_belief(
+                    belief.right
+                )
+            return [belief]
+
+        for phase in program.phases:
+            for norm in phase.norms:
+                if isinstance(norm, ConditionalNorm):
+                    beliefs += extract_beliefs_from_belief(norm.condition)
+
+            for trigger in phase.triggers:
+                beliefs += extract_beliefs_from_belief(trigger.condition)
+
+        return beliefs
+
+    async def _send_beliefs_to_semantic_belief_extractor(self, program: Program):
+        """
+        Extract beliefs from the program and send them to the Semantic Belief Extractor Agent.
+
+        :param program: The program received from the API.
+        """
+        beliefs = BeliefList(beliefs=self._extract_beliefs_from_program(program))
+
+        message = InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=self.name,
+            body=beliefs.model_dump_json(),
+            thread="beliefs",
+        )
+
+        await self.send(message)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_goals_from_program(program: Program) -> list[Goal]:
+        """
+        Extract all goals from the program, including subgoals.
+
+        :param program: The program received from the API.
+        :return: A list of Goal objects.
+        """
+        goals: list[Goal] = []
+
+        def extract_goals_from_goal(goal_: Goal) -> list[Goal]:
+            goals_: list[Goal] = [goal]
+            for plan in goal_.plan:
+                if isinstance(plan, Goal):
+                    goals_.extend(extract_goals_from_goal(plan))
+            return goals_
+
+        for phase in program.phases:
+            for goal in phase.goals:
+                goals.extend(extract_goals_from_goal(goal))
+
+        return goals
+
+    async def _send_goals_to_semantic_belief_extractor(self, program: Program):
+        """
+        Extract goals from the program and send them to the Semantic Belief Extractor Agent.
+
+        :param program: The program received from the API.
+        """
+        goals = GoalList(goals=self._extract_goals_from_program(program))
+
+        message = InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=self.name,
+            body=goals.model_dump_json(),
+            thread="goals",
+        )
+
+        await self.send(message)
+
     async def _receive_programs(self):
         """
         Continuous loop that receives program updates from the HTTP endpoint.
@@ -72,7 +153,11 @@ class BDIProgramManager(BaseAgent):
                 self.logger.exception("Received an invalid program.")
                 continue
 
-            await self._create_agentspeak_and_send_to_bdi(program)
+            await asyncio.gather(
+                self._create_agentspeak_and_send_to_bdi(program),
+                self._send_beliefs_to_semantic_belief_extractor(program),
+                self._send_goals_to_semantic_belief_extractor(program),
+            )
 
     async def setup(self):
         """

src/control_backend/agents/bdi/belief_collector_agent.py

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class BDIBeliefCollectorAgent(BaseAgent):
             :return: A Belief object if the input is valid or None.
             """
             try:
-                return Belief(name=name, arguments=arguments, replace=name == "user_said")
+                return Belief(name=name, arguments=arguments)
             except ValidationError:
                 return None
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class BDIBeliefCollectorAgent(BaseAgent):
         msg = InternalMessage(
             to=settings.agent_settings.bdi_core_name,
             sender=self.name,
-            body=BeliefMessage(beliefs=beliefs).model_dump_json(),
+            body=BeliefMessage(create=beliefs).model_dump_json(),
             thread="beliefs",
         )
 

src/control_backend/agents/bdi/text_belief_extractor_agent.py

@@ -1,8 +1,46 @@
+import asyncio
 import json
 
+import httpx
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
+
 from control_backend.agents.base import BaseAgent
+from control_backend.agents.bdi.agentspeak_generator import AgentSpeakGenerator
 from control_backend.core.agent_system import InternalMessage
 from control_backend.core.config import settings
+from control_backend.schemas.belief_list import BeliefList, GoalList
+from control_backend.schemas.belief_message import Belief as InternalBelief
+from control_backend.schemas.belief_message import BeliefMessage
+from control_backend.schemas.chat_history import ChatHistory, ChatMessage
+from control_backend.schemas.program import Goal, SemanticBelief
+
+type JSONLike = None | bool | int | float | str | list["JSONLike"] | dict[str, "JSONLike"]
+
+
+class BeliefState(BaseModel):
+    true: set[InternalBelief] = set()
+    false: set[InternalBelief] = set()
+
+    def difference(self, other: "BeliefState") -> "BeliefState":
+        return BeliefState(
+            true=self.true - other.true,
+            false=self.false - other.false,
+        )
+
+    def union(self, other: "BeliefState") -> "BeliefState":
+        return BeliefState(
+            true=self.true | other.true,
+            false=self.false | other.false,
+        )
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        return self.difference(other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return self.union(other)
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self.true) or bool(self.false)
 
 
 class TextBeliefExtractorAgent(BaseAgent):
@@ -12,54 +50,427 @@ class TextBeliefExtractorAgent(BaseAgent):
     This agent is responsible for processing raw text (e.g., from speech transcription) and
     extracting semantic beliefs from it.
 
-    In the current demonstration version, it performs a simple wrapping of the user's input
-    into a ``user_said`` belief. In a full implementation, this agent would likely interact
-    with an LLM or NLU engine to extract intent, entities, and other structured information.
+    It uses the available beliefs received from the program manager to try to extract beliefs from a
+    user's message, sends and updated beliefs to the BDI core, and forms a ``user_said`` belief from
+    the message itself.
     """
 
+    def __init__(self, name: str):
+        super().__init__(name)
+        self._llm = self.LLM(self, settings.llm_settings.n_parallel)
+        self.belief_inferrer = SemanticBeliefInferrer(self._llm)
+        self.goal_inferrer = GoalAchievementInferrer(self._llm)
+        self._current_beliefs = BeliefState()
+        self._current_goal_completions: dict[str, bool] = {}
+        self.conversation = ChatHistory(messages=[])
+
     async def setup(self):
         """
         Initialize the agent and its resources.
         """
-        self.logger.info("Settting up %s.", self.name)
-        # Setup LLM belief context if needed (currently demo is just passthrough)
-        self.beliefs = {"mood": ["X"], "car": ["Y"]}
+        self.logger.info("Setting up %s.", self.name)
 
     async def handle_message(self, msg: InternalMessage):
         """
-        Handle incoming messages, primarily from the Transcription Agent.
+        Handle incoming messages. Expect messages from the Transcriber agent, LLM agent, and the
+        Program manager agent.
 
-        :param msg: The received message containing transcribed text.
+        :param msg: The received message.
         """
         sender = msg.sender
-        if sender == settings.agent_settings.transcription_name:
-            self.logger.debug("Received text from transcriber: %s", msg.body)
-            await self._process_transcription_demo(msg.body)
-        else:
-            self.logger.info("Discarding message from %s", sender)
 
-    async def _process_transcription_demo(self, txt: str):
+        match sender:
+            case settings.agent_settings.transcription_name:
+                self.logger.debug("Received text from transcriber: %s", msg.body)
+                self._apply_conversation_message(ChatMessage(role="user", content=msg.body))
+                await self._user_said(msg.body)
+                await self._infer_new_beliefs()
+                await self._infer_goal_completions()
+            case settings.agent_settings.llm_name:
+                self.logger.debug("Received text from LLM: %s", msg.body)
+                self._apply_conversation_message(ChatMessage(role="assistant", content=msg.body))
+            case settings.agent_settings.bdi_program_manager_name:
+                self._handle_program_manager_message(msg)
+            case _:
+                self.logger.info("Discarding message from %s", sender)
+                return
+
+    def _apply_conversation_message(self, message: ChatMessage):
         """
-        Process the transcribed text and generate beliefs.
+        Save the chat message to our conversation history, taking into account the conversation
+        length limit.
 
-        **Demo Implementation:**
-        Currently, this method takes the raw text ``txt`` and wraps it into a belief structure:
-        ``user_said("txt")``.
-
-        This belief is then sent to the :class:`BDIBeliefCollectorAgent`.
-
-        :param txt: The raw transcribed text string.
+        :param message: The chat message to add to the conversation history.
         """
-        # For demo, just wrapping user text as user_said belief
-        belief = {"beliefs": {"user_said": [txt]}, "type": "belief_extraction_text"}
-        payload = json.dumps(belief)
+        length_limit = settings.behaviour_settings.conversation_history_length_limit
+        self.conversation.messages = (self.conversation.messages + [message])[-length_limit:]
 
-        belief_msg = InternalMessage(
-            to=settings.agent_settings.bdi_belief_collector_name,
-            sender=self.name,
-            body=payload,
-            thread="beliefs",
+    def _handle_program_manager_message(self, msg: InternalMessage):
+        """
+        Handle a message from the program manager: extract available beliefs and goals from it.
+
+        :param msg: The received message from the program manager.
+        """
+        match msg.thread:
+            case "beliefs":
+                self._handle_beliefs_message(msg)
+            case "goals":
+                self._handle_goals_message(msg)
+            case "conversation_history":
+                if msg.body == "reset":
+                    self._reset()
+            case _:
+                self.logger.warning("Received unexpected message from %s", msg.sender)
+
+    def _reset(self):
+        self.conversation = ChatHistory(messages=[])
+        self.belief_inferrer.available_beliefs.clear()
+        self._current_beliefs = BeliefState()
+        self.goal_inferrer.goals.clear()
+        self._current_goal_completions = {}
+
+    def _handle_beliefs_message(self, msg: InternalMessage):
+        try:
+            belief_list = BeliefList.model_validate_json(msg.body)
+        except ValidationError:
+            self.logger.warning(
+                "Received message from program manager but it is not a valid list of beliefs."
+            )
+            return
+
+        available_beliefs = [b for b in belief_list.beliefs if isinstance(b, SemanticBelief)]
+        self.belief_inferrer.available_beliefs = available_beliefs
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "Received %d semantic beliefs from the program manager.",
+            len(available_beliefs),
         )
 
+    def _handle_goals_message(self, msg: InternalMessage):
+        try:
+            goals_list = GoalList.model_validate_json(msg.body)
+        except ValidationError:
+            self.logger.warning(
+                "Received message from program manager but it is not a valid list of goals."
+            )
+            return
+
+        # Use only goals that can fail, as the others are always assumed to be completed
+        available_goals = [g for g in goals_list.goals if g.can_fail]
+        self.goal_inferrer.goals = available_goals
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "Received %d failable goals from the program manager.",
+            len(available_goals),
+        )
+
+    async def _user_said(self, text: str):
+        """
+        Create a belief for the user's full speech.
+
+        :param text: User's transcribed text.
+        """
+        belief_msg = InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.bdi_core_name,
+            sender=self.name,
+            body=BeliefMessage(
+                replace=[InternalBelief(name="user_said", arguments=[text])],
+            ).model_dump_json(),
+            thread="beliefs",
+        )
         await self.send(belief_msg)
-        self.logger.info("Sent %d beliefs to the belief collector.", len(belief["beliefs"]))
+
+    async def _infer_new_beliefs(self):
+        conversation_beliefs = await self.belief_inferrer.infer_from_conversation(self.conversation)
+
+        new_beliefs = conversation_beliefs - self._current_beliefs
+        if not new_beliefs:
+            return
+
+        self._current_beliefs |= new_beliefs
+
+        belief_changes = BeliefMessage(
+            create=list(new_beliefs.true),
+            delete=list(new_beliefs.false),
+        )
+
+        message = InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.bdi_core_name,
+            sender=self.name,
+            body=belief_changes.model_dump_json(),
+            thread="beliefs",
+        )
+        await self.send(message)
+
+    async def _infer_goal_completions(self):
+        goal_completions = await self.goal_inferrer.infer_from_conversation(self.conversation)
+
+        new_achieved = [
+            InternalBelief(name=goal, arguments=None)
+            for goal, achieved in goal_completions.items()
+            if achieved and self._current_goal_completions.get(goal) != achieved
+        ]
+        new_not_achieved = [
+            InternalBelief(name=goal, arguments=None)
+            for goal, achieved in goal_completions.items()
+            if not achieved and self._current_goal_completions.get(goal) != achieved
+        ]
+        for goal, achieved in goal_completions.items():
+            self._current_goal_completions[goal] = achieved
+
+        if not new_achieved and not new_not_achieved:
+            return
+
+        belief_changes = BeliefMessage(
+            create=new_achieved,
+            delete=new_not_achieved,
+        )
+        message = InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.bdi_core_name,
+            sender=self.name,
+            body=belief_changes.model_dump_json(),
+            thread="beliefs",
+        )
+        await self.send(message)
+
+    class LLM:
+        """
+        Class that handles sending structured generation requests to an LLM.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, agent: "TextBeliefExtractorAgent", n_parallel: int):
+            self._agent = agent
+            self._semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(n_parallel)
+
+        async def query(self, prompt: str, schema: dict, tries: int = 3) -> JSONLike | None:
+            """
+            Query the LLM with the given prompt and schema, return an instance of a dict conforming
+            to this schema. Try ``tries`` times, or return None.
+
+            :param prompt: Prompt to be queried.
+            :param schema: Schema to be queried.
+            :param tries: Number of times to try to query the LLM.
+            :return: An instance of a dict conforming to this schema, or None if failed.
+            """
+            try_count = 0
+            while try_count < tries:
+                try_count += 1
+
+                try:
+                    return await self._query_llm(prompt, schema)
+                except (httpx.HTTPError, json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError) as e:
+                    if try_count < tries:
+                        continue
+                    self._agent.logger.exception(
+                        "Failed to get LLM response after %d tries.",
+                        try_count,
+                        exc_info=e,
+                    )
+
+            return None
+
+        async def _query_llm(self, prompt: str, schema: dict) -> JSONLike:
+            """
+            Query an LLM with the given prompt and schema, return an instance of a dict conforming
+            to that schema.
+
+            :param prompt: The prompt to be queried.
+            :param schema: Schema to use during response.
+            :return: A dict conforming to this schema.
+            :raises httpx.HTTPStatusError: If the LLM server responded with an error.
+            :raises json.JSONDecodeError: If the LLM response was not valid JSON. May happen if the
+                response was cut off early due to length limitations.
+            :raises KeyError: If the LLM server responded with no error, but the response was
+                invalid.
+            """
+            async with self._semaphore:
+                async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+                    response = await client.post(
+                        settings.llm_settings.local_llm_url,
+                        json={
+                            "model": settings.llm_settings.local_llm_model,
+                            "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
+                            "response_format": {
+                                "type": "json_schema",
+                                "json_schema": {
+                                    "name": "Beliefs",
+                                    "strict": True,
+                                    "schema": schema,
+                                },
+                            },
+                            "reasoning_effort": "low",
+                            "temperature": settings.llm_settings.code_temperature,
+                            "stream": False,
+                        },
+                        timeout=30.0,
+                    )
+                    response.raise_for_status()
+
+                    response_json = response.json()
+                    json_message = response_json["choices"][0]["message"]["content"]
+                    return json.loads(json_message)
+
+
+class SemanticBeliefInferrer:
+    """
+    Class that handles only prompting an LLM for semantic beliefs.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        llm: "TextBeliefExtractorAgent.LLM",
+        available_beliefs: list[SemanticBelief] | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._llm = llm
+        self.available_beliefs: list[SemanticBelief] = available_beliefs or []
+
+    async def infer_from_conversation(self, conversation: ChatHistory) -> BeliefState:
+        """
+        Process conversation history to extract beliefs, semantically. The result is an object that
+        describes all beliefs that hold or don't hold based on the full conversation.
+
+        :param conversation: The conversation history to be processed.
+        :return: An object that describes beliefs.
+        """
+        # Return instantly if there are no beliefs to infer
+        if not self.available_beliefs:
+            return BeliefState()
+
+        n_parallel = max(1, min(settings.llm_settings.n_parallel - 1, len(self.available_beliefs)))
+        all_beliefs: list[dict[str, bool | None] | None] = await asyncio.gather(
+            *[
+                self._infer_beliefs(conversation, beliefs)
+                for beliefs in self._split_into_chunks(self.available_beliefs, n_parallel)
+            ]
+        )
+        retval = BeliefState()
+        for beliefs in all_beliefs:
+            if beliefs is None:
+                continue
+            for belief_name, belief_holds in beliefs.items():
+                if belief_holds is None:
+                    continue
+                belief = InternalBelief(name=belief_name, arguments=None)
+                if belief_holds:
+                    retval.true.add(belief)
+                else:
+                    retval.false.add(belief)
+        return retval
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _split_into_chunks[T](items: list[T], n: int) -> list[list[T]]:
+        """
+        Split a list into ``n`` chunks, making each chunk approximately ``len(items) / n`` long.
+
+        :param items: The list of items to split.
+        :param n: The number of desired chunks.
+        :return: A list of chunks each approximately ``len(items) / n`` long.
+        """
+        k, m = divmod(len(items), n)
+        return [items[i * k + min(i, m) : (i + 1) * k + min(i + 1, m)] for i in range(n)]
+
+    async def _infer_beliefs(
+        self,
+        conversation: ChatHistory,
+        beliefs: list[SemanticBelief],
+    ) -> dict[str, bool | None] | None:
+        """
+        Infer given beliefs based on the given conversation.
+        :param conversation: The conversation to infer beliefs from.
+        :param beliefs: The beliefs to infer.
+        :return: A dict containing belief names and a boolean whether they hold, or None if the
+            belief cannot be inferred based on the given conversation.
+        """
+        example = {
+            "example_belief": True,
+        }
+
+        prompt = f"""{self._format_conversation(conversation)}
+
+Given the above conversation, what beliefs can be inferred?
+If there is no relevant information about a belief belief, give null.
+In case messages conflict, prefer using the most recent messages for inference.
+
+Choose from the following list of beliefs, formatted as `- <belief_name>: <description>`:
+{self._format_beliefs(beliefs)}
+
+Respond with a JSON similar to the following, but with the property names as given above:
+{json.dumps(example, indent=2)}
+"""
+
+        schema = self._create_beliefs_schema(beliefs)
+
+        return await self._llm.query(prompt, schema)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _create_belief_schema(belief: SemanticBelief) -> tuple[str, dict]:
+        return AgentSpeakGenerator.slugify(belief), {
+            "type": ["boolean", "null"],
+            "description": belief.description,
+        }
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _create_beliefs_schema(beliefs: list[SemanticBelief]) -> dict:
+        belief_schemas = [
+            SemanticBeliefInferrer._create_belief_schema(belief) for belief in beliefs
+        ]
+
+        return {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": dict(belief_schemas),
+            "required": [name for name, _ in belief_schemas],
+        }
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _format_message(message: ChatMessage):
+        return f"{message.role.upper()}:\n{message.content}"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _format_conversation(conversation: ChatHistory):
+        return "\n\n".join(
+            [SemanticBeliefInferrer._format_message(message) for message in conversation.messages]
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _format_beliefs(beliefs: list[SemanticBelief]):
+        return "\n".join(
+            [f"- {AgentSpeakGenerator.slugify(belief)}: {belief.description}" for belief in beliefs]
+        )
+
+
+class GoalAchievementInferrer(SemanticBeliefInferrer):
+    def __init__(self, llm: TextBeliefExtractorAgent.LLM):
+        super().__init__(llm)
+        self.goals = []
+
+    async def infer_from_conversation(self, conversation: ChatHistory) -> dict[str, bool]:
+        """
+        Determine which goals have been achieved based on the given conversation.
+
+        :param conversation: The conversation to infer goal completion from.
+        :return: A mapping of goals and a boolean whether they have been achieved.
+        """
+        if not self.goals:
+            return {}
+
+        goals_achieved = await asyncio.gather(
+            *[self._infer_goal(conversation, g) for g in self.goals]
+        )
+        return {
+            f"achieved_{AgentSpeakGenerator.slugify(goal)}": achieved
+            for goal, achieved in zip(self.goals, goals_achieved, strict=True)
+        }
+
+    async def _infer_goal(self, conversation: ChatHistory, goal: Goal) -> bool:
+        prompt = f"""{self._format_conversation(conversation)}
+
+Given the above conversation, what has the following goal been achieved?
+
+The name of the goal: {goal.name}
+Description of the goal: {goal.description}
+
+Answer with literally only `true` or `false` (without backticks)."""
+
+        schema = {
+            "type": "boolean",
+        }
+
+        return await self._llm.query(prompt, schema)

src/control_backend/agents/communication/ri_communication_agent.py

@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ class RICommunicationAgent(BaseAgent):
                             self._req_socket.bind(addr)
                 case "actuation":
                     gesture_data = port_data.get("gestures", [])
+                    single_gesture_data = port_data.get("single_gestures", [])
                     robot_speech_agent = RobotSpeechAgent(
                         settings.agent_settings.robot_speech_name,
                         address=addr,
@@ -192,6 +193,7 @@ class RICommunicationAgent(BaseAgent):
                         address=addr,
                         bind=bind,
                         gesture_data=gesture_data,
+                        single_gesture_data=single_gesture_data,
                     )
                     await robot_speech_agent.start()
                     await asyncio.sleep(0.1)  # Small delay

src/control_backend/agents/llm/llm_agent.py

@@ -64,11 +64,12 @@ class LLMAgent(BaseAgent):
 
         :param message: The parsed prompt message containing text, norms, and goals.
         """
+        full_message = ""
         async for chunk in self._query_llm(message.text, message.norms, message.goals):
             await self._send_reply(chunk)
-            self.logger.debug(
-                "Finished processing BDI message. Response sent in chunks to BDI core."
-            )
+            full_message += chunk
+        self.logger.debug("Finished processing BDI message. Response sent in chunks to BDI core.")
+        await self._send_full_reply(full_message)
 
     async def _send_reply(self, msg: str):
         """
@@ -83,6 +84,19 @@ class LLMAgent(BaseAgent):
         )
         await self.send(reply)
 
+    async def _send_full_reply(self, msg: str):
+        """
+        Sends a response message (full) to agents that need it.
+
+        :param msg: The text content of the message.
+        """
+        message = InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=self.name,
+            body=msg,
+        )
+        await self.send(message)
+
     async def _query_llm(
         self, prompt: str, norms: list[str], goals: list[str]
     ) -> AsyncGenerator[str]:
@@ -172,7 +186,7 @@ class LLMAgent(BaseAgent):
                 json={
                     "model": settings.llm_settings.local_llm_model,
                     "messages": messages,
-                    "temperature": 0.3,
+                    "temperature": settings.llm_settings.chat_temperature,
                     "stream": True,
                 },
             ) as response:

src/control_backend/agents/user_interrupt/user_interrupt_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import json
+
+import zmq
+from zmq.asyncio import Context
+
+from control_backend.agents import BaseAgent
+from control_backend.core.agent_system import InternalMessage
+from control_backend.core.config import settings
+from control_backend.schemas.ri_message import GestureCommand, RIEndpoint, SpeechCommand
+
+
+class UserInterruptAgent(BaseAgent):
+    """
+    User Interrupt Agent.
+
+    This agent receives button_pressed events from the external HTTP API
+    (via ZMQ) and uses the associated context to trigger one of the following actions:
+
+    - Send a prioritized message to the `RobotSpeechAgent`
+    - Send a prioritized gesture to the `RobotGestureAgent`
+    - Send a belief override to the `BDIProgramManager`in order to activate a
+        trigger/conditional norm or complete a goal.
+
+    Prioritized actions clear the current RI queue before inserting the new item,
+    ensuring they are executed immediately after Pepper's current action has been fulfilled.
+
+    :ivar sub_socket: The ZMQ SUB socket used to receive user intterupts.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.sub_socket = None
+
+    async def _receive_button_event(self):
+        """
+        The behaviour of the UserInterruptAgent.
+        Continuous loop that receives button_pressed events from the button_pressed HTTP endpoint.
+        These events contain a type and a context.
+
+        These are the different types and contexts:
+        - type: "speech", context: string that the robot has to say.
+        - type: "gesture", context: single gesture name that the robot has to perform.
+        - type: "override", context: belief_id that overrides the goal/trigger/conditional norm.
+        """
+        while True:
+            topic, body = await self.sub_socket.recv_multipart()
+
+            try:
+                event_data = json.loads(body)
+                event_type = event_data.get("type")  # e.g., "speech", "gesture"
+                event_context = event_data.get("context")  # e.g., "Hello, I am Pepper!"
+            except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                self.logger.error("Received invalid JSON payload on topic %s", topic)
+                continue
+
+            if event_type == "speech":
+                await self._send_to_speech_agent(event_context)
+                self.logger.info(
+                    "Forwarded button press (speech) with context '%s' to RobotSpeechAgent.",
+                    event_context,
+                )
+            elif event_type == "gesture":
+                await self._send_to_gesture_agent(event_context)
+                self.logger.info(
+                    "Forwarded button press (gesture) with context '%s' to RobotGestureAgent.",
+                    event_context,
+                )
+            elif event_type == "override":
+                await self._send_to_program_manager(event_context)
+                self.logger.info(
+                    "Forwarded button press (override) with context '%s' to BDIProgramManager.",
+                    event_context,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.logger.warning(
+                    "Received button press with unknown type '%s' (context: '%s').",
+                    event_type,
+                    event_context,
+                )
+
+    async def _send_to_speech_agent(self, text_to_say: str):
+        """
+        method to send prioritized speech command to RobotSpeechAgent.
+
+        :param text_to_say: The string that the robot has to say.
+        """
+        cmd = SpeechCommand(data=text_to_say, is_priority=True)
+        out_msg = InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.robot_speech_name,
+            sender=self.name,
+            body=cmd.model_dump_json(),
+        )
+        await self.send(out_msg)
+
+    async def _send_to_gesture_agent(self, single_gesture_name: str):
+        """
+        method to send prioritized gesture command to RobotGestureAgent.
+
+        :param single_gesture_name: The gesture tag that the robot has to perform.
+        """
+        # the endpoint is set to always be GESTURE_SINGLE for user interrupts
+        cmd = GestureCommand(
+            endpoint=RIEndpoint.GESTURE_SINGLE, data=single_gesture_name, is_priority=True
+        )
+        out_msg = InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.robot_gesture_name,
+            sender=self.name,
+            body=cmd.model_dump_json(),
+        )
+        await self.send(out_msg)
+
+    async def _send_to_program_manager(self, belief_id: str):
+        """
+        Send a button_override belief to the BDIProgramManager.
+
+        :param belief_id: The belief_id that overrides the goal/trigger/conditional norm.
+        this id can belong to a basic belief or an inferred belief.
+        See also: https://utrechtuniversity.youtrack.cloud/articles/N25B-A-27/UI-components
+        """
+        data = {"belief": belief_id}
+        message = InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.bdi_program_manager_name,
+            sender=self.name,
+            body=json.dumps(data),
+            thread="belief_override_id",
+        )
+        await self.send(message)
+        self.logger.info(
+            "Sent button_override belief with id '%s' to Program manager.",
+            belief_id,
+        )
+
+    async def setup(self):
+        """
+        Initialize the agent.
+
+        Connects the internal ZMQ SUB socket and subscribes to the 'button_pressed' topic.
+        Starts the background behavior to receive the user interrupts.
+        """
+        context = Context.instance()
+
+        self.sub_socket = context.socket(zmq.SUB)
+        self.sub_socket.connect(settings.zmq_settings.internal_sub_address)
+        self.sub_socket.subscribe("button_pressed")
+
+        self.add_behavior(self._receive_button_event())

src/control_backend/api/v1/endpoints/button_pressed.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import logging
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Request
+
+from control_backend.schemas.events import ButtonPressedEvent
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.post("/button_pressed", status_code=202)
+async def receive_button_event(event: ButtonPressedEvent, request: Request):
+    """
+    Endpoint to handle external button press events.
+
+    Validates the event payload and publishes it to the internal 'button_pressed' topic.
+    Subscribers (in this case user_interrupt_agent) will pick this up to trigger
+    specific behaviors or state changes.
+
+    :param event: The parsed ButtonPressedEvent object.
+    :param request: The FastAPI request object.
+    """
+    logger.debug("Received button event: %s | %s", event.type, event.context)
+
+    topic = b"button_pressed"
+    body = event.model_dump_json().encode()
+
+    pub_socket = request.app.state.endpoints_pub_socket
+    await pub_socket.send_multipart([topic, body])
+
+    return {"status": "Event received"}

src/control_backend/api/v1/router.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi.routing import APIRouter
 
-from control_backend.api.v1.endpoints import logs, message, program, robot, sse
+from control_backend.api.v1.endpoints import button_pressed, logs, message, program, robot, sse
 
 api_router = APIRouter()
 
@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ api_router.include_router(robot.router, prefix="/robot", tags=["Pings", "Command
 api_router.include_router(logs.router, tags=["Logs"])
 
 api_router.include_router(program.router, tags=["Program"])
+
+api_router.include_router(button_pressed.router, tags=["Button Pressed Events"])

src/control_backend/core/agent_system.py

@@ -192,7 +192,16 @@ class BaseAgent(ABC):
 
         :param coro: The coroutine to execute as a task.
         """
-        task = asyncio.create_task(coro)
+
+        async def try_coro(coro_: Coroutine):
+            try:
+                await coro_
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                self.logger.debug("A behavior was canceled successfully: %s", coro_)
+            except Exception:
+                self.logger.warning("An exception occurred in a behavior.", exc_info=True)
+
+        task = asyncio.create_task(try_coro(coro))
         self._tasks.add(task)
         task.add_done_callback(self._tasks.discard)
         return task

src/control_backend/core/config.py

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ class AgentSettings(BaseModel):
     ri_communication_name: str = "ri_communication_agent"
     robot_speech_name: str = "robot_speech_agent"
     robot_gesture_name: str = "robot_gesture_agent"
+    user_interrupt_name: str = "user_interrupt_agent"
 
 
 class BehaviourSettings(BaseModel):
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ class BehaviourSettings(BaseModel):
     :ivar transcription_words_per_minute: Estimated words per minute for transcription timing.
     :ivar transcription_words_per_token: Estimated words per token for transcription timing.
     :ivar transcription_token_buffer: Buffer for transcription tokens.
+    :ivar conversation_history_length_limit: The maximum amount of messages to extract beliefs from.
     """
 
     sleep_s: float = 1.0
@@ -81,6 +83,9 @@ class BehaviourSettings(BaseModel):
     transcription_words_per_token: float = 0.75  # (3 words = 4 tokens)
     transcription_token_buffer: int = 10
 
+    # Text belief extractor settings
+    conversation_history_length_limit: int = 10
+
 
 class LLMSettings(BaseModel):
     """
@@ -88,10 +93,17 @@ class LLMSettings(BaseModel):
 
     :ivar local_llm_url: URL for the local LLM API.
     :ivar local_llm_model: Name of the local LLM model to use.
+    :ivar chat_temperature: The temperature to use while generating chat responses.
+    :ivar code_temperature: The temperature to use while generating code-like responses like during
+        belief inference.
+    :ivar n_parallel: The number of parallel calls allowed to be made to the LLM.
     """
 
     local_llm_url: str = "http://localhost:1234/v1/chat/completions"
     local_llm_model: str = "gpt-oss"
+    chat_temperature: float = 1.0
+    code_temperature: float = 0.3
+    n_parallel: int = 4
 
 
 class VADSettings(BaseModel):

src/control_backend/main.py

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ from control_backend.agents.communication import RICommunicationAgent
 # LLM Agents
 from control_backend.agents.llm import LLMAgent
 
+# User Interrupt Agent
+from control_backend.agents.user_interrupt.user_interrupt_agent import UserInterruptAgent
+
 # Other backend imports
 from control_backend.api.v1.router import api_router
 from control_backend.core.config import settings
@@ -137,6 +140,12 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
                 "name": settings.agent_settings.bdi_program_manager_name,
             },
         ),
+        "UserInterruptAgent": (
+            UserInterruptAgent,
+            {
+                "name": settings.agent_settings.user_interrupt_name,
+            },
+        ),
     }
 
     agents = []

src/control_backend/schemas/belief_list.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+from control_backend.schemas.program import Belief as ProgramBelief
+from control_backend.schemas.program import Goal
+
+
+class BeliefList(BaseModel):
+    """
+    Represents a list of beliefs, separated from a program. Useful in agents which need to
+    communicate beliefs.
+
+    :ivar: beliefs: The list of beliefs.
+    """
+
+    beliefs: list[ProgramBelief]
+
+
+class GoalList(BaseModel):
+    goals: list[Goal]

src/control_backend/schemas/belief_message.py

@@ -6,18 +6,30 @@ class Belief(BaseModel):
     Represents a single belief in the BDI system.
 
     :ivar name: The functor or name of the belief (e.g., 'user_said').
-    :ivar arguments: A list of string arguments for the belief.
-    :ivar replace: If True, existing beliefs with this name should be replaced by this one.
+    :ivar arguments: A list of string arguments for the belief, or None if the belief has no
+        arguments.
     """
 
     name: str
-    arguments: list[str]
-    replace: bool = False
+    arguments: list[str] | None
+
+    # To make it hashable
+    model_config = {"frozen": True}
 
 
 class BeliefMessage(BaseModel):
     """
-    A container for transporting a list of beliefs between agents.
+    A container for communicating beliefs between agents.
+
+    :ivar create: Beliefs to create.
+    :ivar delete: Beliefs to delete.
+    :ivar replace: Beliefs to replace. Deletes all beliefs with the same name, replacing them with
+        one new belief.
     """
 
-    beliefs: list[Belief]
+    create: list[Belief] = []
+    delete: list[Belief] = []
+    replace: list[Belief] = []
+
+    def has_values(self) -> bool:
+        return len(self.create) > 0 or len(self.delete) > 0 or len(self.replace) > 0

src/control_backend/schemas/chat_history.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class ChatMessage(BaseModel):
+    role: str
+    content: str
+
+
+class ChatHistory(BaseModel):
+    messages: list[ChatMessage]

src/control_backend/schemas/events.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class ButtonPressedEvent(BaseModel):
+    type: str
+    context: str

src/control_backend/schemas/program.py

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ class SemanticBelief(ProgramElement):
     :ivar description: Description of how to form the belief, used by the LLM.
     """
 
-    name: str = ""
     description: str
 
 
@@ -113,10 +112,12 @@ class Goal(ProgramElement):
     for example when the achieving of the goal is dependent on the user's reply, this means
     that the achieved status will be set from somewhere else in the program.
 
+    :ivar description: A description of the goal, used to determine if it has been achieved.
     :ivar plan: The plan to execute.
     :ivar can_fail: Whether we can fail to achieve the goal after executing the plan.
     """
 
+    description: str = ""
     plan: Plan
     can_fail: bool = True
 

src/control_backend/schemas/ri_message.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class SpeechCommand(RIMessage):
 
     endpoint: RIEndpoint = RIEndpoint(RIEndpoint.SPEECH)
     data: str
+    is_priority: bool = False
 
 
 class GestureCommand(RIMessage):
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ class GestureCommand(RIMessage):
         RIEndpoint.GESTURE_SINGLE, RIEndpoint.GESTURE_TAG
     ]
     data: str
+    is_priority: bool = False
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def check_endpoint(self):

test/unit/agents/actuation/test_robot_speech_agent.py

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ async def test_handle_message_sends_command():
     agent = mock_speech_agent()
     agent.pubsocket = pubsocket
 
-    payload = {"endpoint": "actuate/speech", "data": "hello"}
+    payload = {"endpoint": "actuate/speech", "data": "hello", "is_priority": False}
     msg = InternalMessage(to="robot", sender="tester", body=json.dumps(payload))
 
     await agent.handle_message(msg)
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ async def test_handle_message_sends_command():
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_zmq_command_loop_valid_payload(zmq_context):
     """UI command is read from SUB and published."""
-    command = {"endpoint": "actuate/speech", "data": "hello"}
+    command = {"endpoint": "actuate/speech", "data": "hello", "is_priority": False}
     fake_socket = AsyncMock()
 
     async def recv_once():

test/unit/agents/bdi/test_bdi_core_agent.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def mock_agentspeak_env():
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def agent():
-    agent = BDICoreAgent("bdi_agent", "dummy.asl")
+    agent = BDICoreAgent("bdi_agent")
     agent.send = AsyncMock()
     agent.bdi_agent = MagicMock()
     return agent
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ async def test_handle_belief_collector_message(agent, mock_settings):
     msg = InternalMessage(
         to="bdi_agent",
         sender=mock_settings.agent_settings.bdi_belief_collector_name,
-        body=BeliefMessage(beliefs=beliefs).model_dump_json(),
+        body=BeliefMessage(create=beliefs).model_dump_json(),
         thread="beliefs",
     )
 
@@ -64,6 +64,26 @@ async def test_handle_belief_collector_message(agent, mock_settings):
     assert args[2] == agentspeak.Literal("user_said", (agentspeak.Literal("Hello"),))
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_handle_delete_belief_message(agent, mock_settings):
+    """Test that incoming beliefs to be deleted are removed from the BDI agent"""
+    beliefs = [Belief(name="user_said", arguments=["Hello"])]
+
+    msg = InternalMessage(
+        to="bdi_agent",
+        sender=mock_settings.agent_settings.bdi_belief_collector_name,
+        body=BeliefMessage(delete=beliefs).model_dump_json(),
+        thread="beliefs",
+    )
+    await agent.handle_message(msg)
+
+    # Expect bdi_agent.call to be triggered to remove belief
+    args = agent.bdi_agent.call.call_args.args
+    assert args[0] == agentspeak.Trigger.removal
+    assert args[1] == agentspeak.GoalType.belief
+    assert args[2] == agentspeak.Literal("user_said", (agentspeak.Literal("Hello"),))
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_incorrect_belief_collector_message(agent, mock_settings):
     """Test that incorrect message format triggers an exception."""
@@ -113,14 +133,14 @@ async def test_custom_actions(agent):
 
     # Invoke action
     mock_term = MagicMock()
-    mock_term.args = ["Hello", "Norm", "Goal"]
+    mock_term.args = ["Hello", "Norm"]
     mock_intention = MagicMock()
 
     # Run generator
     gen = action_fn(agent, mock_term, mock_intention)
     next(gen)  # Execute
 
-    agent._send_to_llm.assert_called_with("Hello", "Norm", "Goal")
+    agent._send_to_llm.assert_called_with("Hello", "Norm", "")
 
 
 def test_add_belief_sets_event(agent):
@@ -128,7 +148,8 @@ def test_add_belief_sets_event(agent):
     agent._wake_bdi_loop = MagicMock()
 
     belief = Belief(name="test_belief", arguments=["a", "b"])
-    agent._apply_beliefs([belief])
+    belief_changes = BeliefMessage(replace=[belief])
+    agent._apply_belief_changes(belief_changes)
 
     assert agent.bdi_agent.call.called
     agent._wake_bdi_loop.set.assert_called()
@@ -137,7 +158,7 @@ def test_add_belief_sets_event(agent):
 def test_apply_beliefs_empty_returns(agent):
     """Line: if not beliefs: return"""
     agent._wake_bdi_loop = MagicMock()
-    agent._apply_beliefs([])
+    agent._apply_belief_changes(BeliefMessage())
     agent.bdi_agent.call.assert_not_called()
     agent._wake_bdi_loop.set.assert_not_called()
 
@@ -220,8 +241,9 @@ def test_replace_belief_calls_remove_all(agent):
     agent._remove_all_with_name = MagicMock()
     agent._wake_bdi_loop = MagicMock()
 
-    belief = Belief(name="user_said", arguments=["Hello"], replace=True)
-    agent._apply_beliefs([belief])
+    belief = Belief(name="user_said", arguments=["Hello"])
+    belief_changes = BeliefMessage(replace=[belief])
+    agent._apply_belief_changes(belief_changes)
 
     agent._remove_all_with_name.assert_called_with("user_said")
 

test/unit/agents/bdi/test_bdi_program_manager.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
-import json
 import sys
+import uuid
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
 
 import pytest
@@ -8,31 +8,47 @@ import pytest
 from control_backend.agents.bdi.bdi_program_manager import BDIProgramManager
 from control_backend.core.agent_system import InternalMessage
 from control_backend.schemas.belief_message import BeliefMessage
-from control_backend.schemas.program import Program
+from control_backend.schemas.program import BasicNorm, Goal, Phase, Plan, Program
 
 # Fix Windows Proactor loop for zmq
 if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
     asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
 
 
-def make_valid_program_json(norm="N1", goal="G1"):
-    return json.dumps(
-        {
-            "phases": [
-                {
-                    "id": "phase1",
-                    "label": "Phase 1",
-                    "triggers": [],
-                    "norms": [{"id": "n1", "label": "Norm 1", "norm": norm}],
-                    "goals": [
-                        {"id": "g1", "label": "Goal 1", "description": goal, "achieved": False}
-                    ],
-                }
-            ]
-        }
-    )
+def make_valid_program_json(norm="N1", goal="G1") -> str:
+    return Program(
+        phases=[
+            Phase(
+                id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                name="Basic Phase",
+                norms=[
+                    BasicNorm(
+                        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                        name=norm,
+                        norm=norm,
+                    ),
+                ],
+                goals=[
+                    Goal(
+                        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                        name=goal,
+                        description="This description can be used to determine whether the goal "
+                        "has been achieved.",
+                        plan=Plan(
+                            id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                            name="Goal Plan",
+                            steps=[],
+                        ),
+                        can_fail=False,
+                    ),
+                ],
+                triggers=[],
+            ),
+        ],
+    ).model_dump_json()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skip(reason="Functionality being rebuilt.")
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_send_to_bdi():
     manager = BDIProgramManager(name="program_manager_test")
@@ -61,6 +77,7 @@ async def test_receive_programs_valid_and_invalid():
     ]
 
     manager = BDIProgramManager(name="program_manager_test")
+    manager._internal_pub_socket = AsyncMock()
     manager.sub_socket = sub
     manager._create_agentspeak_and_send_to_bdi = AsyncMock()
 
@@ -73,5 +90,5 @@ async def test_receive_programs_valid_and_invalid():
     # Only valid Program should have triggered _send_to_bdi
     assert manager._create_agentspeak_and_send_to_bdi.await_count == 1
     forwarded: Program = manager._create_agentspeak_and_send_to_bdi.await_args[0][0]
-    assert forwarded.phases[0].norms[0].norm == "N1"
-    assert forwarded.phases[0].goals[0].description == "G1"
+    assert forwarded.phases[0].norms[0].name == "N1"
+    assert forwarded.phases[0].goals[0].name == "G1"

test/unit/agents/bdi/test_belief_collector.py

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ async def test_send_beliefs_to_bdi(agent):
     sent: InternalMessage = agent.send.call_args.args[0]
     assert sent.to == settings.agent_settings.bdi_core_name
     assert sent.thread == "beliefs"
-    assert json.loads(sent.body)["beliefs"] == [belief.model_dump() for belief in beliefs]
+    assert json.loads(sent.body)["create"] == [belief.model_dump() for belief in beliefs]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio

test/unit/agents/bdi/test_text_belief_extractor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+import json
+import uuid
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+
+from control_backend.agents.bdi import TextBeliefExtractorAgent
+from control_backend.core.agent_system import InternalMessage
+from control_backend.core.config import settings
+from control_backend.schemas.belief_list import BeliefList
+from control_backend.schemas.belief_message import BeliefMessage
+from control_backend.schemas.program import (
+    ConditionalNorm,
+    KeywordBelief,
+    LLMAction,
+    Phase,
+    Plan,
+    Program,
+    SemanticBelief,
+    Trigger,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def agent():
+    agent = TextBeliefExtractorAgent("text_belief_agent")
+    agent.send = AsyncMock()
+    agent._query_llm = AsyncMock()
+    return agent
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_program():
+    return Program(
+        phases=[
+            Phase(
+                name="Some phase",
+                id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                norms=[
+                    ConditionalNorm(
+                        name="Some norm",
+                        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                        norm="Use nautical terms.",
+                        critical=False,
+                        condition=SemanticBelief(
+                            name="is_pirate",
+                            id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                            description="The user is a pirate. Perhaps because they say "
+                            "they are, or because they speak like a pirate "
+                            'with terms like "arr".',
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                ],
+                goals=[],
+                triggers=[
+                    Trigger(
+                        name="Some trigger",
+                        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                        condition=SemanticBelief(
+                            name="no_more_booze",
+                            id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                            description="There is no more alcohol.",
+                        ),
+                        plan=Plan(
+                            name="Some plan",
+                            id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                            steps=[
+                                LLMAction(
+                                    name="Some action",
+                                    id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                                    goal="Suggest eating chocolate instead.",
+                                ),
+                            ],
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                ],
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def make_msg(sender: str, body: str, thread: str | None = None) -> InternalMessage:
+    return InternalMessage(to="unused", sender=sender, body=body, thread=thread)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_handle_message_ignores_other_agents(agent):
+    msg = make_msg("unknown", "some data", None)
+
+    await agent.handle_message(msg)
+
+    agent.send.assert_not_called()  # noqa  # `agent.send` has no such property, but we mock it.
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_handle_message_from_transcriber(agent, mock_settings):
+    transcription = "hello world"
+    msg = make_msg(mock_settings.agent_settings.transcription_name, transcription, None)
+
+    await agent.handle_message(msg)
+
+    agent.send.assert_awaited_once()  # noqa  # `agent.send` has no such property, but we mock it.
+    sent: InternalMessage = agent.send.call_args.args[0]  # noqa
+    assert sent.to == mock_settings.agent_settings.bdi_belief_collector_name
+    assert sent.thread == "beliefs"
+    parsed = json.loads(sent.body)
+    assert parsed == {"beliefs": {"user_said": [transcription]}, "type": "belief_extraction_text"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_process_user_said(agent, mock_settings):
+    transcription = "this is a test"
+
+    await agent._user_said(transcription)
+
+    agent.send.assert_awaited_once()  # noqa  # `agent.send` has no such property, but we mock it.
+    sent: InternalMessage = agent.send.call_args.args[0]  # noqa
+    assert sent.to == mock_settings.agent_settings.bdi_belief_collector_name
+    assert sent.thread == "beliefs"
+    parsed = json.loads(sent.body)
+    assert parsed["beliefs"]["user_said"] == [transcription]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_query_llm():
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.json.return_value = {
+        "choices": [
+            {
+                "message": {
+                    "content": "null",
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    mock_client = AsyncMock()
+    mock_client.post.return_value = mock_response
+    mock_async_client = MagicMock()
+    mock_async_client.__aenter__.return_value = mock_client
+    mock_async_client.__aexit__.return_value = None
+
+    with patch(
+        "control_backend.agents.bdi.text_belief_extractor_agent.httpx.AsyncClient",
+        return_value=mock_async_client,
+    ):
+        agent = TextBeliefExtractorAgent("text_belief_agent")
+
+        res = await agent._query_llm("hello world", {"type": "null"})
+        # Response content was set as "null", so should be deserialized as None
+        assert res is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_retry_query_llm_success(agent):
+    agent._query_llm.return_value = None
+    res = await agent._retry_query_llm("hello world", {"type": "null"})
+
+    agent._query_llm.assert_called_once()
+    assert res is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_retry_query_llm_success_after_failure(agent):
+    agent._query_llm.side_effect = [KeyError(), "real value"]
+    res = await agent._retry_query_llm("hello world", {"type": "string"})
+
+    assert agent._query_llm.call_count == 2
+    assert res == "real value"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_retry_query_llm_failures(agent):
+    agent._query_llm.side_effect = [KeyError(), KeyError(), KeyError(), "real value"]
+    res = await agent._retry_query_llm("hello world", {"type": "string"})
+
+    assert agent._query_llm.call_count == 3
+    assert res is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_retry_query_llm_fail_immediately(agent):
+    agent._query_llm.side_effect = [KeyError(), "real value"]
+    res = await agent._retry_query_llm("hello world", {"type": "string"}, tries=1)
+
+    assert agent._query_llm.call_count == 1
+    assert res is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_extracting_semantic_beliefs(agent):
+    """
+    The Program Manager sends beliefs to this agent. Test whether the agent handles them correctly.
+    """
+    assert len(agent.available_beliefs) == 0
+    beliefs = BeliefList(
+        beliefs=[
+            KeywordBelief(
+                id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                name="keyword_hello",
+                keyword="hello",
+            ),
+            SemanticBelief(
+                id=uuid.uuid4(), name="semantic_hello_1", description="Some semantic belief 1"
+            ),
+            SemanticBelief(
+                id=uuid.uuid4(), name="semantic_hello_2", description="Some semantic belief 2"
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
+    await agent.handle_message(
+        InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=settings.agent_settings.bdi_program_manager_name,
+            body=beliefs.model_dump_json(),
+        ),
+    )
+    assert len(agent.available_beliefs) == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_handle_invalid_program(agent, sample_program):
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].norms[0].condition)
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].triggers[0].condition)
+    assert len(agent.available_beliefs) == 2
+
+    await agent.handle_message(
+        InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=settings.agent_settings.bdi_program_manager_name,
+            body=json.dumps({"phases": "Invalid"}),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    assert len(agent.available_beliefs) == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_handle_robot_response(agent):
+    initial_length = len(agent.conversation.messages)
+    response = "Hi, I'm Pepper. What's your name?"
+
+    await agent.handle_message(
+        InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=settings.agent_settings.llm_name,
+            body=response,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    assert len(agent.conversation.messages) == initial_length + 1
+    assert agent.conversation.messages[-1].role == "assistant"
+    assert agent.conversation.messages[-1].content == response
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_simulated_real_turn_with_beliefs(agent, sample_program):
+    """Test sending user message to extract beliefs from."""
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].norms[0].condition)
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].triggers[0].condition)
+
+    # Send a user message with the belief that there's no more booze
+    agent._query_llm.return_value = {"is_pirate": None, "no_more_booze": True}
+    assert len(agent.conversation.messages) == 0
+    await agent.handle_message(
+        InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=settings.agent_settings.transcription_name,
+            body="We're all out of schnaps.",
+        ),
+    )
+    assert len(agent.conversation.messages) == 1
+
+    # There should be a belief set and sent to the BDI core, as well as the user_said belief
+    assert agent.send.call_count == 2
+
+    # First should be the beliefs message
+    message: InternalMessage = agent.send.call_args_list[0].args[0]
+    beliefs = BeliefMessage.model_validate_json(message.body)
+    assert len(beliefs.create) == 1
+    assert beliefs.create[0].name == "no_more_booze"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_simulated_real_turn_no_beliefs(agent, sample_program):
+    """Test a user message to extract beliefs from, but no beliefs are formed."""
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].norms[0].condition)
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].triggers[0].condition)
+
+    # Send a user message with no new beliefs
+    agent._query_llm.return_value = {"is_pirate": None, "no_more_booze": None}
+    await agent.handle_message(
+        InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=settings.agent_settings.transcription_name,
+            body="Hello there!",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Only the user_said belief should've been sent
+    agent.send.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_simulated_real_turn_no_new_beliefs(agent, sample_program):
+    """
+    Test a user message to extract beliefs from, but no new beliefs are formed because they already
+    existed.
+    """
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].norms[0].condition)
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].triggers[0].condition)
+    agent.beliefs["is_pirate"] = True
+
+    # Send a user message with the belief the user is a pirate, still
+    agent._query_llm.return_value = {"is_pirate": True, "no_more_booze": None}
+    await agent.handle_message(
+        InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=settings.agent_settings.transcription_name,
+            body="Arr, nice to meet you, matey.",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Only the user_said belief should've been sent, as no beliefs have changed
+    agent.send.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_simulated_real_turn_remove_belief(agent, sample_program):
+    """
+    Test a user message to extract beliefs from, but an existing belief is determined no longer to
+    hold.
+    """
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].norms[0].condition)
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].triggers[0].condition)
+    agent.beliefs["no_more_booze"] = True
+
+    # Send a user message with the belief the user is a pirate, still
+    agent._query_llm.return_value = {"is_pirate": None, "no_more_booze": False}
+    await agent.handle_message(
+        InternalMessage(
+            to=settings.agent_settings.text_belief_extractor_name,
+            sender=settings.agent_settings.transcription_name,
+            body="I found an untouched barrel of wine!",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Both user_said and belief change should've been sent
+    assert agent.send.call_count == 2
+
+    # Agent's current beliefs should've changed
+    assert not agent.beliefs["no_more_booze"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_llm_failure_handling(agent, sample_program):
+    """
+    Check that the agent handles failures gracefully without crashing.
+    """
+    agent._query_llm.side_effect = httpx.HTTPError("")
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].norms[0].condition)
+    agent.available_beliefs.append(sample_program.phases[0].triggers[0].condition)
+
+    belief_changes = await agent._infer_turn()
+
+    assert len(belief_changes) == 0

test/unit/agents/bdi/test_text_extractor.py

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-import json
-from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
-
-import pytest
-
-from control_backend.agents.bdi import (
-    TextBeliefExtractorAgent,
-)
-from control_backend.core.agent_system import InternalMessage
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def agent():
-    agent = TextBeliefExtractorAgent("text_belief_agent")
-    agent.send = AsyncMock()
-    return agent
-
-
-def make_msg(sender: str, body: str, thread: str | None = None) -> InternalMessage:
-    return InternalMessage(to="unused", sender=sender, body=body, thread=thread)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_handle_message_ignores_other_agents(agent):
-    msg = make_msg("unknown", "some data", None)
-
-    await agent.handle_message(msg)
-
-    agent.send.assert_not_called()  # noqa  # `agent.send` has no such property, but we mock it.
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_handle_message_from_transcriber(agent, mock_settings):
-    transcription = "hello world"
-    msg = make_msg(mock_settings.agent_settings.transcription_name, transcription, None)
-
-    await agent.handle_message(msg)
-
-    agent.send.assert_awaited_once()  # noqa  # `agent.send` has no such property, but we mock it.
-    sent: InternalMessage = agent.send.call_args.args[0]  # noqa
-    assert sent.to == mock_settings.agent_settings.bdi_belief_collector_name
-    assert sent.thread == "beliefs"
-    parsed = json.loads(sent.body)
-    assert parsed == {"beliefs": {"user_said": [transcription]}, "type": "belief_extraction_text"}
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_process_transcription_demo(agent, mock_settings):
-    transcription = "this is a test"
-
-    await agent._process_transcription_demo(transcription)
-
-    agent.send.assert_awaited_once()  # noqa  # `agent.send` has no such property, but we mock it.
-    sent: InternalMessage = agent.send.call_args.args[0]  # noqa
-    assert sent.to == mock_settings.agent_settings.bdi_belief_collector_name
-    assert sent.thread == "beliefs"
-    parsed = json.loads(sent.body)
-    assert parsed["beliefs"]["user_said"] == [transcription]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_setup_initializes_beliefs(agent):
-    """Covers the setup method and ensures beliefs are initialized."""
-    await agent.setup()
-    assert agent.beliefs == {"mood": ["X"], "car": ["Y"]}

test/unit/agents/communication/test_ri_communication_agent.py

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ async def test_setup_success_connects_and_starts_robot(zmq_context):
         address="tcp://localhost:5556",
         bind=False,
         gesture_data=[],
+        single_gesture_data=[],
     )
     agent.add_behavior.assert_called_once()
 

test/unit/agents/llm/test_llm_agent.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ async def test_llm_processing_success(mock_httpx_client, mock_settings):
     # "Hello world." constitutes one sentence/chunk based on punctuation split
     # The agent should call send once with the full sentence
     assert agent.send.called
-    args = agent.send.call_args[0][0]
+    args = agent.send.call_args_list[0][0][0]
     assert args.to == mock_settings.agent_settings.bdi_core_name
     assert "Hello world." in args.body
 
@@ -197,6 +197,9 @@ async def test_query_llm_yields_final_tail_chunk(mock_settings):
     agent = LLMAgent("llm_agent")
     agent.send = AsyncMock()
 
+    agent.logger = MagicMock()
+    agent.logger.llm = MagicMock()
+
     # Patch _stream_query_llm to yield tokens that do NOT end with punctuation
     async def fake_stream(messages):
         yield "Hello"

test/unit/agents/user_interrupt/test_user_interrupt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import asyncio
+import json
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+from control_backend.agents.user_interrupt.user_interrupt_agent import UserInterruptAgent
+from control_backend.core.agent_system import InternalMessage
+from control_backend.core.config import settings
+from control_backend.schemas.ri_message import RIEndpoint
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def agent():
+    agent = UserInterruptAgent(name="user_interrupt_agent")
+    agent.send = AsyncMock()
+    agent.logger = MagicMock()
+    agent.sub_socket = AsyncMock()
+    return agent
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_send_to_speech_agent(agent):
+    """Verify speech command format."""
+    await agent._send_to_speech_agent("Hello World")
+
+    agent.send.assert_awaited_once()
+    sent_msg: InternalMessage = agent.send.call_args.args[0]
+
+    assert sent_msg.to == settings.agent_settings.robot_speech_name
+    body = json.loads(sent_msg.body)
+    assert body["data"] == "Hello World"
+    assert body["is_priority"] is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_send_to_gesture_agent(agent):
+    """Verify gesture command format."""
+    await agent._send_to_gesture_agent("wave_hand")
+
+    agent.send.assert_awaited_once()
+    sent_msg: InternalMessage = agent.send.call_args.args[0]
+
+    assert sent_msg.to == settings.agent_settings.robot_gesture_name
+    body = json.loads(sent_msg.body)
+    assert body["data"] == "wave_hand"
+    assert body["is_priority"] is True
+    assert body["endpoint"] == RIEndpoint.GESTURE_SINGLE.value
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_send_to_program_manager(agent):
+    """Verify belief update format."""
+    context_str = "2"
+
+    await agent._send_to_program_manager(context_str)
+
+    agent.send.assert_awaited_once()
+    sent_msg: InternalMessage = agent.send.call_args.args[0]
+
+    assert sent_msg.to == settings.agent_settings.bdi_program_manager_name
+    assert sent_msg.thread == "belief_override_id"
+
+    body = json.loads(sent_msg.body)
+
+    assert body["belief"] == context_str
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_receive_loop_routing_success(agent):
+    """
+    Test that the loop correctly:
+    1. Receives 'button_pressed' topic from ZMQ
+    2. Parses the JSON payload to find 'type' and 'context'
+    3. Calls the correct handler method based on 'type'
+    """
+    # Prepare JSON payloads as bytes
+    payload_speech = json.dumps({"type": "speech", "context": "Hello Speech"}).encode()
+    payload_gesture = json.dumps({"type": "gesture", "context": "Hello Gesture"}).encode()
+    payload_override = json.dumps({"type": "override", "context": "Hello Override"}).encode()
+
+    agent.sub_socket.recv_multipart.side_effect = [
+        (b"button_pressed", payload_speech),
+        (b"button_pressed", payload_gesture),
+        (b"button_pressed", payload_override),
+        asyncio.CancelledError,  # Stop the infinite loop
+    ]
+
+    agent._send_to_speech_agent = AsyncMock()
+    agent._send_to_gesture_agent = AsyncMock()
+    agent._send_to_program_manager = AsyncMock()
+
+    try:
+        await agent._receive_button_event()
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        pass
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+    # Speech
+    agent._send_to_speech_agent.assert_awaited_once_with("Hello Speech")
+
+    # Gesture
+    agent._send_to_gesture_agent.assert_awaited_once_with("Hello Gesture")
+
+    # Override
+    agent._send_to_program_manager.assert_awaited_once_with("Hello Override")
+
+    assert agent._send_to_speech_agent.await_count == 1
+    assert agent._send_to_gesture_agent.await_count == 1
+    assert agent._send_to_program_manager.await_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_receive_loop_unknown_type(agent):
+    """Test that unknown 'type' values in the JSON log a warning and do not crash."""
+
+    # Prepare a payload with an unknown type
+    payload_unknown = json.dumps({"type": "unknown_thing", "context": "some_data"}).encode()
+
+    agent.sub_socket.recv_multipart.side_effect = [
+        (b"button_pressed", payload_unknown),
+        asyncio.CancelledError,
+    ]
+
+    agent._send_to_speech_agent = AsyncMock()
+    agent._send_to_gesture_agent = AsyncMock()
+    agent._send_to_belief_collector = AsyncMock()
+
+    try:
+        await agent._receive_button_event()
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        pass
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+    # Ensure no handlers were called
+    agent._send_to_speech_agent.assert_not_called()
+    agent._send_to_gesture_agent.assert_not_called()
+    agent._send_to_belief_collector.assert_not_called()
+
+    agent.logger.warning.assert_called_with(
+        "Received button press with unknown type '%s' (context: '%s').",
+        "unknown_thing",
+        "some_data",
+    )

test/unit/api/v1/endpoints/test_program_endpoint.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import json
+import uuid
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
 
 import pytest
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ from fastapi import FastAPI
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
 from control_backend.api.v1.endpoints import program
-from control_backend.schemas.program import Program
+from control_backend.schemas.program import BasicNorm, Goal, Phase, Plan, Program
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -25,29 +26,39 @@ def client(app):
 
 def make_valid_program_dict():
     """Helper to create a valid Program JSON structure."""
-    return {
-        "phases": [
-            {
-                "id": "phase1",
-                "label": "basephase",
-                "norms": [{"id": "n1", "label": "norm", "norm": "be nice"}],
-                "goals": [
-                    {"id": "g1", "label": "goal", "description": "test goal", "achieved": False}
+    # Converting to JSON using Pydantic because it knows how to convert a UUID object
+    program_json_str = Program(
+        phases=[
+            Phase(
+                id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                name="Basic Phase",
+                norms=[
+                    BasicNorm(
+                        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                        name="Some norm",
+                        norm="Do normal.",
+                    ),
                 ],
-                "triggers": [
-                    {
-                        "id": "t1",
-                        "label": "trigger",
-                        "type": "keywords",
-                        "keywords": [
-                            {"id": "kw1", "keyword": "keyword1"},
-                            {"id": "kw2", "keyword": "keyword2"},
-                        ],
-                    },
+                goals=[
+                    Goal(
+                        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                        name="Some goal",
+                        description="This description can be used to determine whether the goal "
+                        "has been achieved.",
+                        plan=Plan(
+                            id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                            name="Goal Plan",
+                            steps=[],
+                        ),
+                        can_fail=False,
+                    ),
                 ],
-            }
-        ]
-    }
+                triggers=[],
+            ),
+        ],
+    ).model_dump_json()
+    # Converting back to a dict because that's what's expected
+    return json.loads(program_json_str)
 
 
 def test_receive_program_success(client):
@@ -71,7 +82,8 @@ def test_receive_program_success(client):
     sent_bytes = args[0][1]
     sent_obj = json.loads(sent_bytes.decode())
 
-    expected_obj = Program.model_validate(program_dict).model_dump()
+    # Converting to JSON using Pydantic because it knows how to handle UUIDs
+    expected_obj = json.loads(Program.model_validate(program_dict).model_dump_json())
     assert sent_obj == expected_obj
 
 

test/unit/schemas/test_ui_program_message.py

@@ -1,49 +1,66 @@
+import uuid
+
 import pytest
 from pydantic import ValidationError
 
 from control_backend.schemas.program import (
+    BasicNorm,
+    ConditionalNorm,
     Goal,
-    KeywordTrigger,
-    Norm,
+    InferredBelief,
+    KeywordBelief,
+    LogicalOperator,
     Phase,
+    Plan,
     Program,
-    TriggerKeyword,
+    SemanticBelief,
+    Trigger,
 )
 
 
-def base_norm() -> Norm:
-    return Norm(
-        id="norm1",
-        label="testNorm",
+def base_norm() -> BasicNorm:
+    return BasicNorm(
+        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+        name="testNormName",
         norm="testNormNorm",
+        critical=False,
     )
 
 
 def base_goal() -> Goal:
     return Goal(
-        id="goal1",
-        label="testGoal",
-        description="testGoalDescription",
-        achieved=False,
+        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+        name="testGoalName",
+        description="This description can be used to determine whether the goal has been achieved.",
+        plan=Plan(
+            id=uuid.uuid4(),
+            name="testGoalPlanName",
+            steps=[],
+        ),
+        can_fail=False,
     )
 
 
-def base_trigger() -> KeywordTrigger:
-    return KeywordTrigger(
-        id="trigger1",
-        label="testTrigger",
-        type="keywords",
-        keywords=[
-            TriggerKeyword(id="keyword1", keyword="testKeyword1"),
-            TriggerKeyword(id="keyword1", keyword="testKeyword2"),
-        ],
+def base_trigger() -> Trigger:
+    return Trigger(
+        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+        name="testTriggerName",
+        condition=KeywordBelief(
+            id=uuid.uuid4(),
+            name="testTriggerKeywordBeliefTriggerName",
+            keyword="Keyword",
+        ),
+        plan=Plan(
+            id=uuid.uuid4(),
+            name="testTriggerPlanName",
+            steps=[],
+        ),
     )
 
 
 def base_phase() -> Phase:
     return Phase(
-        id="phase1",
-        label="basephase",
+        id=uuid.uuid4(),
         norms=[base_norm()],
         goals=[base_goal()],
         triggers=[base_trigger()],
@@ -58,7 +75,7 @@ def invalid_program() -> dict:
     # wrong types inside phases list (not Phase objects)
     return {
         "phases": [
-            {"id": "phase1"},  # incomplete
+            {"id": uuid.uuid4()},  # incomplete
             {"not_a_phase": True},
         ]
     }
@@ -77,11 +94,112 @@ def test_valid_deepprogram():
     # validate nested components directly
     phase = validated.phases[0]
     assert isinstance(phase.goals[0], Goal)
-    assert isinstance(phase.triggers[0], KeywordTrigger)
-    assert isinstance(phase.norms[0], Norm)
+    assert isinstance(phase.triggers[0], Trigger)
+    assert isinstance(phase.norms[0], BasicNorm)
 
 
 def test_invalid_program():
     bad = invalid_program()
     with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
         Program.model_validate(bad)
+
+
+def test_conditional_norm_parsing():
+    """
+    Check that pydantic is able to preserve the type of the norm, that it doesn't lose its
+    "condition" field when serializing and deserializing.
+    """
+    norm = ConditionalNorm(
+        name="testNormName",
+        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+        norm="testNormNorm",
+        critical=False,
+        condition=KeywordBelief(
+            name="testKeywordBelief",
+            id=uuid.uuid4(),
+            keyword="testKeywordBelief",
+        ),
+    )
+    program = Program(
+        phases=[
+            Phase(
+                name="Some phase",
+                id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                norms=[norm],
+                goals=[],
+                triggers=[],
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+
+    parsed_program = Program.model_validate_json(program.model_dump_json())
+    parsed_norm = parsed_program.phases[0].norms[0]
+
+    assert hasattr(parsed_norm, "condition")
+    assert isinstance(parsed_norm, ConditionalNorm)
+
+
+def test_belief_type_parsing():
+    """
+    Check that pydantic is able to discern between the different types of beliefs when serializing
+    and deserializing.
+    """
+    keyword_belief = KeywordBelief(
+        name="testKeywordBelief",
+        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+        keyword="something",
+    )
+    semantic_belief = SemanticBelief(
+        name="testSemanticBelief",
+        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+        description="something",
+    )
+    inferred_belief = InferredBelief(
+        name="testInferredBelief",
+        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+        operator=LogicalOperator.OR,
+        left=keyword_belief,
+        right=semantic_belief,
+    )
+
+    program = Program(
+        phases=[
+            Phase(
+                name="Some phase",
+                id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                norms=[],
+                goals=[],
+                triggers=[
+                    Trigger(
+                        name="testTriggerKeywordTrigger",
+                        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                        condition=keyword_belief,
+                        plan=Plan(name="testTriggerPlanName", id=uuid.uuid4(), steps=[]),
+                    ),
+                    Trigger(
+                        name="testTriggerSemanticTrigger",
+                        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                        condition=semantic_belief,
+                        plan=Plan(name="testTriggerPlanName", id=uuid.uuid4(), steps=[]),
+                    ),
+                    Trigger(
+                        name="testTriggerInferredTrigger",
+                        id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                        condition=inferred_belief,
+                        plan=Plan(name="testTriggerPlanName", id=uuid.uuid4(), steps=[]),
+                    ),
+                ],
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+
+    parsed_program = Program.model_validate_json(program.model_dump_json())
+
+    parsed_keyword_belief = parsed_program.phases[0].triggers[0].condition
+    assert isinstance(parsed_keyword_belief, KeywordBelief)
+
+    parsed_semantic_belief = parsed_program.phases[0].triggers[1].condition
+    assert isinstance(parsed_semantic_belief, SemanticBelief)
+
+    parsed_inferred_belief = parsed_program.phases[0].triggers[2].condition
+    assert isinstance(parsed_inferred_belief, InferredBelief)